英文字根civ
你可能常聽到像是「civil」、「civic」、「civilization」這類單字，但你知道它們背後其實都藏著一個小巧卻影響深遠的拉丁字根嗎？這個字根就是「civ」，來自拉丁文「civis」，原意是「市民、公民」，後來衍伸出與社會、城市、公民行為、政治秩序等有關的詞彙。這個字根特別適合用來理解人與人之間在社會中的角色與規範，也能幫助你串連許多單字的意義。以下我們就來一一認識30個跟「civ」有關的英文單字吧！
1. civilian
詞彙解釋：非軍人、非警察的普通市民
- The military is not allowed to interfere in civilian matters.
軍方不被允許干涉平民事務。 - The building was full of civilians when the bombing occurred.
爆炸發生時，大樓裡都是平民。 - Many civilians were evacuated during the flood.
洪水期間有許多平民被撤離。
2. civility
詞彙解釋：禮貌、客氣的行為或語言
- The politician emphasized the need for civility in debates.
那位政治人物強調辯論中需要有禮貌。 - Basic civility can go a long way in customer service.
基本的禮貌在客服工作中非常重要。 - His lack of civility made the meeting uncomfortable.
他不禮貌的舉止讓會議氣氛很尷尬。
3. civic
詞彙解釋：城市的、公民的、社區的
- Voting is an important civic duty.
投票是一項重要的公民責任。 - She received an award for her civic engagement.
她因為積極參與社區活動而獲獎。 - The mayor attended a civic ceremony downtown.
市長出席了市中心的市政儀式。
4. civil
詞彙解釋：有禮貌的、民用的、公民的
- They had a civil conversation despite their differences.
儘管有分歧，他們還是進行了有禮的對話。 - He works in the civil service.
他在公職部門工作。 - The protest remained civil and peaceful.
抗議活動保持了和平和禮貌。
5. civilization
詞彙解釋：文明、文明社會
- Ancient Egypt was one of the world’s earliest civilizations.
古埃及是世界上最早的文明之一。 - The museum had a special exhibit on Mayan civilization.
博物館有關於馬雅文明的特展。 - War can threaten the foundations of civilization.
戰爭可能會動搖文明的根基。
6. civilized
詞彙解釋：有教養的、文明的
- A civilized society should respect individual rights.
文明社會應該尊重個人權利。 - They tried to resolve the conflict in a civilized manner.
他們嘗試以文明的方式解決衝突。 - Not all countries have equally civilized systems.
並非所有國家的制度都一樣文明。
7. uncivilized
詞彙解釋：未開化的、粗野的、野蠻的
- He made an uncivilized remark that shocked everyone.
他說了一句粗野的話，讓大家都嚇到了。 - Some tribes were considered uncivilized by colonists.
殖民者認為某些部落是不文明的。 - The tourists were criticized for behaving in an uncivilized way.
這些觀光客因為舉止粗魯而被批評。
8. civilize
詞彙解釋：使文明、教化
- The teacher tried to civilize the unruly students.
老師試著教化那些難以管教的學生。 - Colonizers often claimed they were civilizing the natives.
殖民者常聲稱他們是在教化當地人。 - Education can help civilize a society.
教育可以幫助一個社會走向文明。
9. civics
詞彙解釋：公民學、公民知識
- In school, we studied civics to learn about our rights.
我們在學校學公民課，了解自己的權利。 - Civics teaches students how government functions.
公民課教學生了解政府運作。 - She’s passionate about improving civics education.
她熱衷於改善公民教育。
10. civvy（口語）
詞彙解釋：平民（尤指退伍軍人稱呼）
- After the war, he went back to being a civvy.
戰後他回歸平民生活。 - Civvies often don’t understand military discipline.
平民常不理解軍中的紀律。 - He left his uniform behind and embraced life as a civvy.
他脫下軍裝，擁抱平民生活。
11. civil disobedience
詞彙解釋：公民抗命（非暴力抵抗政府）
- Civil disobedience was key in the civil rights movement.
公民抗命在民權運動中扮演了關鍵角色。 - Gandhi promoted civil disobedience against colonial rule.
甘地提倡對殖民統治的不合作運動。 - Civil disobedience can be a powerful protest tool.
公民抗命可以是一種強而有力的抗議工具。
12. civil servant
詞彙解釋：公務員
- She’s a senior civil servant in the Ministry of Health.
她是衛生部的資深公務員。 - Civil servants must remain neutral in politics.
公務員必須在政治上保持中立。 - The country depends on dedicated civil servants.
這個國家仰賴盡責的公務員。
13. civitas（拉丁文）
詞彙解釋：市民社會、國家（古羅馬語）
- In Roman times, civitas referred to a self-governed city-state.
在羅馬時代，civitas指的是自治的城邦。 - The concept of civitas influenced modern governance.
civitas 的概念影響了現代治理制度。 - They studied the civitas model for ancient city planning.
他們研究 civitas 模式來設計古代城市規劃。
14. incivility
詞彙解釋：無禮、粗魯
- Social media has increased levels of incivility.
社群媒體讓無禮的情況變得更常見。 - The manager warned him about his incivility at work.
經理警告他工作時的無禮行為。 - Incivility can damage team morale.
無禮行為可能會損害團隊士氣。
15. civil law
詞彙解釋：民法（與刑法相對）
- The case was settled under civil law.
這個案件是依民法解決的。 - Civil law governs disputes between individuals.
民法管轄個人之間的爭議。 - Unlike criminal cases, civil law involves compensation.
與刑事案件不同，民法涉及賠償問題。
16. civil rights
詞彙解釋：公民權、民權
- Civil rights protect individuals from discrimination.
公民權保障個人免於遭受歧視。 - The movement fought for equal civil rights for all.
這場運動為所有人爭取平等的民權。 - Civil rights are enshrined in the Constitution.
民權被寫入憲法中。
17. civil engineer
詞彙解釋：土木工程師
- She studied to become a civil engineer.
她學的是土木工程。 - Civil engineers design roads, bridges, and buildings.
土木工程師設計道路、橋梁和建築物。 - The civil engineer reviewed the construction plans.
土木工程師審查了施工圖。
18. civil union
詞彙解釋：民事結合（法律上的伴侶關係）
- Civil unions provide legal rights for couples.
民事結合讓伴侶享有法律保障。 - Many countries recognize civil unions for same-sex couples.
許多國家承認同性伴侶的民事結合。 - They celebrated their civil union with close friends.
他們和摯友一起慶祝民事結合。
19. civvy street（英式用語）
詞彙解釋：退伍後的平民生活
- After serving in the army, he found civvy street challenging.
退伍後他覺得適應平民生活很困難。 - She quickly adjusted to civvy street.
她很快就適應了退伍後的生活。 - Civvy street can feel strange after military discipline.
軍隊紀律後的平民生活可能讓人不習慣。
20. civil case
詞彙解釋：民事案件
- He filed a civil case against the company.
他對公司提起民事訴訟。 - The judge ruled in favor of the plaintiff in the civil case.
法官在這場民事案件中判原告勝訴。 - Civil cases often involve financial compensation.
民事案件常涉及金錢賠償。