
英文字根 graph
你有沒有想過,英文裡面那些跟「寫」、「畫」、「圖表」相關的單字,為什麼會長得那麼像?像是「autograph」、「paragraph」、「graphic」這些詞,它們的共通點,其實來自同一個字根:graph。這個字根來自希臘文 graphein,意思就是「寫」或「畫」。所以你會發現,只要看到帶有 graph 的字,十之八九都跟「記錄」、「書寫」、「描繪」有關。不管是寫一封信、畫個圖,還是記錄數據,graph 這個字根都默默地在背後撐腰。
以下我們來看看 30 個和 graph 有關的單字,一起感受這個字根的威力吧!
1. graphic
形容詞,視覺的、圖像的、生動的
- The documentary included some graphic scenes of war.
這部紀錄片包含一些戰爭的生動場面。 - She works as a graphic designer.
她是一名平面設計師。 - The book contains graphic descriptions of the accident.
這本書對意外事故有詳盡的描寫。
2. biography
名詞,傳記
- I read a fascinating biography of Marie Curie.
我讀了一本關於瑪麗.居禮的精彩傳記。 - His biography reveals many secrets of his early life.
他的傳記揭露了他早年生活的許多秘密。 - The biography was turned into a movie.
這本傳記後來被改編成電影。
3. autograph
名詞,親筆簽名
- He asked the singer for her autograph.
他向那位歌手索取簽名。 - I have a baseball signed with the player’s autograph.
我有一顆簽有球員簽名的棒球。 - She collects autographs of famous authors.
她收集著名作家的簽名。
4. geography
名詞,地理
- I loved studying geography in school.
我在學校很喜歡學地理。 - The geography of Taiwan is full of mountains and rivers.
台灣的地理充滿山川河流。 - He couldn’t locate the country on the geography map.
他無法在地理地圖上找到那個國家。
5. paragraph
名詞,段落
- Please write a five-paragraph essay.
請寫一篇五段式的文章。 - This paragraph is too long and hard to read.
這段太長,難以閱讀。 - She copied the whole paragraph from the book.
她從書上抄了整個段落。
6. photography
名詞,攝影
- He has a passion for photography.
他對攝影充滿熱情。 - She studied photography in college.
她在大學主修攝影。 - This book is full of stunning photography.
這本書充滿令人驚豔的攝影作品。
7. telegraph
名詞,電報
- In the 1800s, people communicated by telegraph.
在 1800 年代,人們透過電報溝通。 - He received a telegraph from his friend.
他收到朋友的電報。 - The telegraph changed the speed of global communication.
電報改變了全球通訊的速度。
8. graph
名詞,圖表
- This graph shows the sales increase.
這張圖表顯示銷售的成長。 - Draw a graph to represent your results.
畫一張圖表來呈現你的結果。 - The graph compares two sets of data.
這張圖表比較兩組數據。
9. calligraphy
名詞,書法
- She practices Chinese calligraphy every day.
她每天練習中文書法。 - The invitation was written in beautiful calligraphy.
邀請函用優美的書法書寫。 - He teaches calligraphy in a local art class.
他在當地的美術課教書法。
10. epigraph
名詞,銘文、引言
- The epigraph on the monument honors fallen soldiers.
紀念碑上的銘文是為了紀念陣亡士兵。 - The author began the novel with a thought-provoking epigraph.
作者在小說開頭引用了一段發人深省的引言。 - The poem starts with a Latin epigraph.
這首詩以拉丁文的引文開頭。
11. seismograph
名詞,地震儀
- The seismograph detected an earthquake.
地震儀偵測到地震。 - Scientists use seismographs to measure tremors.
科學家用地震儀測量震動。 - The seismograph recorded a magnitude 6.0 quake.
地震儀記錄到一次規模 6.0 的地震。
12. choreograph
動詞,編舞
- She choreographed the entire performance.
她為整場演出編了舞。 - He choreographs for music videos.
他幫音樂錄影帶編舞。 - The dance was beautifully choreographed.
這支舞蹈編得非常美麗。
13. cartography
名詞,製圖學
- He studied cartography in graduate school.
他在研究所學製圖學。 - Cartography has advanced thanks to satellites.
因為衛星,製圖技術大幅進步。 - She works in a cartography department at a museum.
她在博物館的製圖部門工作。
14. demography
名詞,人口統計學
- Demography helps understand population trends.
人口統計有助於了解人口趨勢。 - The government used demography data to plan services.
政府用人口統計資料來規劃服務。 - He’s an expert in demography and migration.
他是人口統計與遷徙的專家。
15. holograph
名詞,全息圖、親筆手稿
- The will was a holograph written by the deceased.
遺囑是死者親筆手寫的。 - A holograph can be used as legal proof.
親筆手稿可以作為法律證明。 - The court verified the holograph’s authenticity.
法院驗證了親筆文件的真實性。
16. stenography
名詞,速記
- She learned stenography to become a court reporter.
她學速記是為了當法院記錄員。 - Stenography was essential before recording devices.
在錄音設備發明前,速記是必需的。 - He used stenography to take notes quickly.
他用速記快速做筆記。
17. monograph
名詞,專題論文
- The professor published a monograph on urban planning.
教授發表了一篇城市規劃的專題論文。 - This monograph explores medieval architecture.
這篇專論探討中世紀建築。 - Her monograph became a reference in the field.
她的專論成為這個領域的參考文獻。
18. typograph
名詞,印刷工人或排版樣式
- He worked as a typograph before digital printing.
在數位印刷之前,他是印刷工人。 - The old typograph machines are now museum pieces.
舊印刷機器現在成了博物館展示品。 - She specializes in typograph layout.
她專門設計排版樣式。
19. infographic
名詞,資訊圖表
- This infographic explains climate change simply.
這張資訊圖表簡單說明了氣候變遷。 - Use infographics to present complex data.
用資訊圖表呈現複雜的資料。 - The website features interactive infographics.
這個網站有互動式資訊圖表。
20. graphology
名詞,筆跡學
- Graphology studies handwriting and personality.
筆跡學研究字跡與個性之間的關聯。 - She used graphology to analyze the signature.
她用筆跡學分析簽名。 - Some companies use graphology in hiring.
有些公司在面試時會參考筆跡學。
21. digraph
名詞,雙字母組合
- “Ph” is a digraph that sounds like “f”.
「ph」是一個發「f」音的雙字母組合。 - Digraphs can be confusing for language learners.
雙字母組合對語言學習者來說有點難。 - The teacher explained different digraphs to the class.
老師向班上解釋了各種雙字母組合。
22. pictograph
名詞,象形文字、圖畫符號
- Ancient people used pictographs for communication.
古代人用象形文字交流。 - The cave had pictographs on its walls.
洞穴牆上有象形圖案。 - Pictographs are considered the earliest form of writing.
象形文字被認為是最早的書寫形式。
23. lithograph
名詞,平版印刷作品
- The artist created a limited edition lithograph.
這位藝術家製作了限量的平版畫。 - Museums often display vintage lithographs.
博物館常展出古老的平版印刷品。 - He collected lithographs from the 19th century.
他收集 19 世紀的平版畫。
24. topography
名詞,地形學
- The topography of the region is mountainous.
這地區的地形多山。 - Topography affects weather patterns.
地形會影響天氣型態。 - They studied the topography before building the dam.
他們在建水壩前研究了地形。
25. polygraph
名詞,測謊器
- The suspect was tested with a polygraph.
嫌犯接受了測謊器測試。 - Polygraph results are not always reliable.
測謊結果不一定可信。 - She trained to operate a polygraph machine.
她受過操作測謊器的訓練。
26. phonograph
名詞,留聲機
- My grandfather still has an old phonograph.
我爺爺還留著一台老式留聲機。 - The phonograph was invented in the 19th century.
留聲機是在 19 世紀發明的。 - He collects antique phonographs.
他收集古董留聲機。
27. cinematograph
名詞,電影放映機
- The cinematograph changed entertainment forever.
電影放映機永遠改變了娛樂方式。 - Early filmmakers used a cinematograph for their films.
早期電影製作人使用電影放映機拍片。 - The museum displays an original cinematograph.
博物館展示了一台原始的電影放映機。
28. orthography
名詞,拼字法、正字法
- English orthography is quite irregular.
英文的拼字法非常不規則。 - She studied the orthography of ancient texts.
她研究古文的拼字法。 - Good orthography is important for clear writing.
良好的拼字是清晰寫作的關鍵。
29. heliograph
名詞,日光信號裝置
- Soldiers used a heliograph to send messages.
士兵用日光信號裝置傳遞訊息。 - The heliograph flashes sunlight like Morse code.
日光信號像摩斯密碼一樣閃爍。 - Heliographs were once used in deserts.
日光信號曾經用於沙漠地區。
30. electrocardiograph
名詞,心電圖儀
- The doctor used an electrocardiograph to check my heart.
醫生用心電圖儀檢查我的心臟。 - Electrocardiographs help detect heart problems.
心電圖儀有助於發現心臟問題。 - The hospital bought a new electrocardiograph.
醫院買了一台新的心電圖儀。