英文字根 grat
grat 這個字根來自拉丁文「gratus」，意思是「令人愉悅的、感激的」，衍伸出許多與「感激、恩惠、愉快、獎勵」有關的字。這類單字常出現在生活對話、正式演說或書信中，是英語中相當實用的一個字根。
gratitude
詞義：感激、感恩的心情
I expressed my gratitude with a handwritten letter.
我用一封手寫信表達了我的感激之情。
She was full of gratitude for the support she received.
她對收到的支持充滿感激。
Gratitude turns what we have into enough.
感激讓我們所擁有的一切變得足夠。grateful
詞義：感激的、心懷感恩的
I’m grateful for your kindness.
我對你的善意心懷感激。
He felt grateful to be alive after the accident.
經歷車禍後他對還活著這件事感激不已。
We are deeply grateful for your help.
我們對你的幫助深深感謝。ingrate
詞義：忘恩負義的人
Don’t be an ingrate—she helped you a lot.
別當個忘恩負義的人——她幫了你很多。
He was labeled an ingrate after he criticized his mentor.
他批評了指導老師後被說是個忘恩負義的人。
Nobody likes dealing with an ingrate.
沒有人喜歡跟不知感恩的人打交道。gratis
詞義：免費的、無償的
They offered drinks gratis at the event.
活動現場提供免費飲料。
The artist gave out her prints gratis.
這位藝術家免費贈送自己的版畫作品。
Admission is gratis for all children under five.
五歲以下兒童免門票。gratify
詞義：使滿足、使高興
The praise gratified her immensely.
那份讚美讓她非常開心。
He was gratified by the positive feedback.
他對正面的回饋感到滿足。
It’s gratifying to know your work is appreciated.
知道自己的努力被欣賞真讓人高興。gratification
詞義：滿足、喜悅
Shopping brought her temporary gratification.
購物讓她暫時感到滿足。
He delayed gratification for long-term success.
他延遲享樂以追求長遠的成功。
Gratification isn’t always instant—it takes time.
滿足不一定馬上來，有時需要等待。congratulation
詞義：祝賀、道喜
Congratulations on your graduation!
恭喜你畢業了！
He received warm congratulations from everyone.
他收到大家熱烈的祝賀。
She sent him a card of congratulation.
她寄了一張賀卡給他表達祝福。congratulate
詞義：祝賀、恭喜
Let me congratulate you on your promotion.
恭喜你升職！
They congratulated each other after the victory.
勝利後他們互相道賀。
I called her to congratulate her on the new job.
我打電話恭喜她的新工作。gratuity
詞義：小費、賞金
The waiter received a generous gratuity.
服務生收到一筆大方的小費。
A 10% gratuity is included in the bill.
帳單已含10%服務費。
He left a small gratuity for the hotel staff.
他給飯店人員留了一點小費。gratuitous
詞義：無償的；不必要的、多餘的
His comment was completely gratuitous.
他的評論完全沒必要。
They gave us gratuitous advice.
他們給了我們免費的建議。
Avoid gratuitous violence in films.
避免電影中的多餘暴力。grating
詞義：刺耳的、令人惱怒的
Her voice had a grating quality.
她的聲音聽起來刺耳。
The grating sound annoyed everyone.
那個刺耳的聲音讓大家都不耐煩。
I found his tone increasingly grating.
我覺得他的語氣越來越惱人。ingratiate
詞義：討好、迎合
He tried to ingratiate himself with the boss.
他試圖討好老闆。
She ingratiated herself by bringing coffee every morning.
她每天早上帶咖啡來博取好感。
Don’t ingratiate yourself too much—it looks fake.
別太過討好，會讓人覺得假。ingratitude
詞義：忘恩負義、不知感恩
His ingratitude shocked everyone.
他的忘恩負義讓大家震驚。
She couldn’t believe his ingratitude.
她無法相信他的不知感恩。
There’s nothing worse than ingratitude.
沒什麼比忘恩負義更令人心寒。ungrateful
詞義：不知感恩的
That was an ungrateful response.
那是個不懂感恩的回應。
He sounded ungrateful when he complained.
他抱怨的語氣讓人覺得不知感恩。
Don’t be ungrateful—at least they tried to help.
別這麼不知感恩——他們至少嘗試幫忙了。grace
詞義：優雅；恩典；寬限期
She moved with grace and confidence.
她動作優雅自信。
He asked for a grace period to repay the debt.
他請求一段寬限期來還債。
We are saved by grace, not merit.
我們得救是靠恩典，不是功勞。gracious
詞義：親切的、和藹的
She was gracious to everyone at the party.
她在派對上對每個人都很親切。
The host was very gracious and accommodating.
主人非常親切好客。
He accepted the apology in a gracious manner.
他很大方地接受了道歉。disgrace
詞義：恥辱、丟臉
Cheating brought disgrace to his name.
作弊讓他名譽掃地。
He lived in disgrace after the scandal.
醜聞後他活在羞恥中。
That behavior is a disgrace to the team.
那種行為是團隊的恥辱。disgraceful
詞義：可恥的、丟臉的
His actions were disgraceful.
他的行為很丟臉。
It’s disgraceful how they treated him.
他們那樣對待他實在太可恥了。
Such disgraceful conduct must not be tolerated.
這種可恥的行為不能容忍。ungraceful
詞義：不優雅的、笨拙的
He made an ungraceful exit from the stage.
他笨拙地離開舞台。
Her dance moves were rather ungraceful.
她的舞步相當不優雅。
Despite his strength, his movements were ungraceful.
雖然他力氣大，但動作卻很笨拙。gracefulness
詞義：優雅、婉約
She carries herself with natural gracefulness.
她天生就很有氣質。
The ballet was full of gracefulness.
這場芭蕾舞表演充滿優雅。
Gracefulness is more than appearance—it’s an attitude.
優雅不只是外表，而是一種態度。graciousness
詞義：親切、有禮
I admire her graciousness under pressure.
我佩服她在壓力下仍能親切待人。
He thanked us with graciousness.
他懷著禮貌地感謝我們。
Their graciousness made us feel welcome.
他們的親切讓我們備感歡迎。gracefulness
詞義：再現，反覆出現的優雅
The performance had a repeating gracefulness.
表演中展現出反覆的優雅。
Even her handwriting shows gracefulness.
連她的字跡都很有美感。
The sculpture has an eternal gracefulness.
那雕像散發出永恆的優雅。gratuities
詞義：小費（複數），額外報酬
Tour guides often rely on gratuities.
導遊常靠小費過活。
Please remember to leave gratuities.
請記得給小費。
Gratuities are not mandatory, but they are appreciated.
小費不是強制的，但大家會感激。gratified
詞義：感到滿足的、心滿意足的
He felt gratified by the results.
他對成果感到心滿意足。
We were gratified to see her success.
看到她成功我們很高興。
Her words made me feel gratified.
她的話讓我很欣慰。ingratiation
詞義：迎合、取悅
His ingratiation seemed obvious.
他的討好太明顯了。
She disliked his constant ingratiation.
她不喜歡他一直在討好。
Ingratiation can sometimes backfire.
討好有時可能適得其反。gratuity-free
詞義：不含小費的、不需給小費的
This restaurant is gratuity-free.
這間餐廳不收小費。
A gratuity-free service may mean higher prices.
不收小費的服務可能價格更高。
I prefer gratuity-free cafes—it’s less awkward.
我偏好不收小費的咖啡廳，比較自在。gratifyingly
詞義：令人欣慰地、令人滿足地
She smiled gratifyingly at the applause.
她在掌聲中露出欣慰的笑容。
The results turned out gratifyingly well.
結果令人滿意。
He nodded gratifyingly as they clapped.
當大家鼓掌時他滿意地點頭。thankless
詞義：不被感謝的、吃力不討好的
Parenting is often a thankless job.
養育孩子常是吃力不討好的工作。
He did all the hard work, but it was thankless.
他做了所有辛苦的事卻沒人感激。
Some roles in life are simply thankless.
人生中有些角色註定吃力不討好。grace note
詞義：裝飾音、附加美感的小細節
She added a grace note to the melody.
她為旋律加上一個裝飾音。
That kind gesture was a grace note in our day.
那個貼心的小舉動讓我們整天都暖暖的。
The painting had many grace notes in its details.
那幅畫在細節處展現許多美感。graciously
詞義：和藹地、親切地
He graciously accepted the invitation.
他親切地接受了邀請。
She smiled graciously at the guests.
她和藹地對賓客微笑。
They graciously offered us a ride.
他們親切地載我們一程。