「jud」這個字根來自拉丁文的 judicare,意思是「判斷」或「裁決」。它與司法、判斷力、評估有關,日常生活中很多與思考、裁斷、審查相關的英文單字都與這個字根有關。學會這個字根,能幫助我們更快速理解一些看起來複雜的字彙意思,也能在閱讀或寫作時更精準使用語言。
judge
判斷、法官
He was chosen to judge the singing contest.
他被選來擔任歌唱比賽的評審。
She worked as a judge in the Supreme Court.
她在最高法院擔任法官。
Don’t judge people too quickly.
別太快論斷他人。
judgment
判斷、裁決
Her judgment was fair and thoughtful.
她的判斷公正而周到。
The court gave a final judgment.
法院做出了最終裁決。
Use your own judgment in this situation.
在這種情況下請自行判斷。
prejudge
預先判斷、未審先判
It’s unfair to prejudge someone based on appearance.
光看外表就預設立場是不公平的。
Don’t prejudge the results before seeing the full data.
在看到完整資料前別妄下定論。
He was prejudged because of his background.
他因背景被事先定罪。
prejudice
偏見
We must overcome racial prejudice.
我們必須克服種族偏見。
Her opinion is free of prejudice.
她的看法沒有任何偏見。
Prejudice can blind people to the truth.
偏見會使人無法看清真相。
adjudicate
裁決、仲裁
The panel will adjudicate the case tomorrow.
評審團將於明天裁定此案。
He was called to adjudicate the dispute.
他被召來仲裁爭端。
Only the court can adjudicate this matter.
只有法院能裁定此事。
judicial
司法的
The judicial system must remain independent.
司法系統必須保持獨立。
She is studying to become a judicial clerk.
她正學習成為司法助理。
A judicial inquiry will be launched.
將展開司法調查。
judiciary
司法部門、法官群體
The judiciary plays a crucial role in democracy.
司法部門在民主中扮演關鍵角色。
The independence of the judiciary is protected by law.
司法獨立受法律保障。
He was appointed to the federal judiciary.
他被任命進入聯邦司法機構。
judicious
明智的、有判斷力的
She made a judicious choice.
她做出了一個明智的選擇。
Be judicious with your spending.
花錢要有判斷力。
A judicious response can avoid conflict.
有判斷力的回應可以避免衝突。
injury(來自in- + jur)
傷害
He suffered a serious injury in the accident.
他在事故中受到嚴重傷害。
Running without warming up can cause injury.
不熱身就跑步會造成傷害。
His feelings were hurt, like an emotional injury.
他的感情受傷了,就像情緒上的創傷。
juror
陪審員
The juror listened carefully to the testimonies.
陪審員仔細聽取證詞。
She was selected as a juror for the case.
她被選為本案的陪審員。
A juror must remain unbiased.
陪審員必須保持中立。
jurisdiction
司法管轄權
This court has no jurisdiction over the case.
此法院無權處理這個案件。
He acted outside his jurisdiction.
他越權行事了。
The two countries disputed the jurisdiction.
兩國對司法管轄權產生爭議。
perjury
偽證罪
He was charged with perjury in court.
他在法庭上被控偽證罪。
Perjury is a serious crime.
偽證是一項嚴重罪行。
She committed perjury to protect her friend.
她為了保護朋友而偽證。
justice
正義、公正
We are fighting for justice.
我們在為正義而奮鬥。
Justice must be served.
正義必須得到伸張。
He believes in truth and justice.
他相信真理與正義。
injustice
不公不義
They protested against social injustice.
他們抗議社會的不公不義。
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
任何地方的不公都是對整體正義的威脅。
He suffered a deep injustice.
他遭受了極大的不公平待遇。
justify
辯解、證明正當
How do you justify your actions?
你怎麼為你的行為辯解?
The decision was justified by the facts.
這個決定由事實來證明其正當性。
She tried to justify her late arrival.
她試圖為遲到辯解。
justification
正當理由
There’s no justification for violence.
暴力沒有正當理由。
He gave a clear justification for his stance.
他清楚說明了自己立場的理由。
The justification was accepted by the board.
董事會接受了這個理由。
just
公正的、正當的
He is a just man.
他是一個正直的人。
That’s not a just decision.
那不是個公平的決定。
We need a just solution.
我們需要一個公正的解決方式。
adjust
調整、適應
You’ll adjust to the new schedule soon.
你很快會適應新行程。
Adjust the volume, please.
請調整音量。
She adjusted her attitude after feedback.
她在收到意見後調整了態度。
adjustment
調整、修正
Minor adjustments were needed.
需要些微的調整。
He made a quick adjustment to the plan.
他迅速調整了計畫。
The machine requires no further adjustment.
這台機器不需要再做任何調整。
jurisprudence
法學、法律體系
She is an expert in Islamic jurisprudence.
她是伊斯蘭法學的專家。
Jurisprudence evolves with society.
法學隨著社會變遷而演進。
He lectures on legal theory and jurisprudence.
他教授法律理論與法學。
abjudge
剝奪、裁決
He was abjudged guilty by the court.
法院判他有罪。
The king abjudged the land from him.
國王剝奪了他的土地。
The title was abjudged invalid.
該頭銜被裁定無效。
misjudge
誤判、誤解
Don’t misjudge his intentions.
不要誤解他的用意。
She misjudged the traffic and was late.
她誤判交通狀況而遲到。
I misjudged the situation badly.
我嚴重誤判了情勢。
rejudge
重新審判
The case was sent back to be rejudged.
此案被退回重新審理。
They decided to rejudge the competition.
他們決定重審比賽結果。
Rejudging may bring new perspectives.
重新審視也許會帶來新觀點。
judger
評判者、裁定者
He acted as a fair judger.
他擔任一位公正的評審。
The judger must not be biased.
裁定者不能有偏見。
Each participant was rated by the judger.
每位參賽者都由評審評分。
judgmental
愛批評的、動輒批判的
She can be very judgmental.
她有時候很愛批評別人。
Try not to be too judgmental.
盡量不要太批判。
A judgmental attitude pushes people away.
過於批判會讓人疏遠。
justness
正當性、公平性
We question the justness of the verdict.
我們質疑判決的公正性。
Her justness is respected by everyone.
她的公正獲得大家尊重。
The debate was about the justness of the war.
爭論的焦點是這場戰爭的正當性。
juridical
法律上的
He gave a juridical opinion.
他提供了一項法律意見。
A juridical body was formed.
成立了一個法律機構。
This matter is juridical, not political.
這是法律問題,不是政治問題。
juristic
法律的、法理的
He wrote a book on juristic theories.
他寫了一本關於法理理論的書。
Juristic thinking is crucial in legal reform.
法理思維對法律改革至關重要。
Juristic training is part of the curriculum.
法學訓練是課程的一部分。
jurisconsult
法律顧問、法學專家
The company hired a jurisconsult.
公司聘請了一位法律顧問。
A jurisconsult explained the regulation.
一位法學專家解釋了那條規定。
She worked as a jurisconsult for years.
她擔任法律顧問多年。
juridically
以法律方式、合法地
The property was acquired juridically.
這項財產是合法取得的。
They handled the case juridically.
他們以法律方式處理此案。
The issue must be solved juridically.
此問題必須依法解決。