英文字根 jur
當我們在英文裡看到跟「法律、宣誓、公正」有關的字，很多時候背後藏著一個共通的字根：jur。這個字根來自拉丁文「jurare」，意思是「發誓、立誓」，而它的源頭又是「jus」這個字，意思是「法律、正義」。所以，凡是看到包含「jur」的字，幾乎都與法律系統、誓言、正義或審判有關。
這系列單字對於想要學好法律英文、準備留學考試、或者單純喜歡玩語源拼圖的你來說，都非常實用。下面我們挑出30個含有 jur 字根的英文單字，每個都搭配三個例句、中文翻譯與簡單詞義說明，讓你能學得快、記得牢、用得順。
1. abjure
I had to abjure my old beliefs after learning the truth.
他知道真相後，只好放棄以前的信仰。
The witness abjured his previous testimony.
證人放棄了先前的證詞。
She abjured all ties with the organization.
她與那個組織斷絕了所有關係。
→ 放棄（正式宣誓放棄某種信仰、意見）
2. perjury
He was found guilty of perjury during the trial.
他在審判中被判偽證罪成立。
Perjury is a serious offense in any legal system.
偽證在任何法律體系中都是重罪。
She committed perjury to protect her friend.
她為了保護朋友而做了偽證。
→ 偽證（在法庭上說謊）
3. jurisdiction
This court has no jurisdiction over that matter.
這間法院對那件事沒有管轄權。
Different states have different jurisdictions.
各州有不同的司法權限。
He was arrested outside our jurisdiction.
他在我們管轄區外被逮捕。
→ 司法權、管轄權
4. juror
The juror remained silent during the session.
陪審員在會議期間保持沉默。
Every juror must be impartial.
每位陪審員都必須公正無私。
The juror was dismissed due to bias.
這名陪審員因偏見被解除職務。
→ 陪審員
5. jury
The jury reached a unanimous verdict.
陪審團做出了一致裁決。
She was selected to serve on a jury.
她被選為陪審團的一員。
The jury deliberated for five hours.
陪審團討論了五個小時。
→ 陪審團
6. jurisprudence
He studied Roman jurisprudence at university.
他在大學研究羅馬法律。
This book is a classic in modern jurisprudence.
這本書是現代法學經典。
Jurisprudence helps us understand legal philosophy.
法理學幫助我們理解法律哲學。
→ 法理學、法律體系
7. conjure
The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat.
魔術師從帽子裡變出一隻兔子。
She could conjure emotions with just a few words.
她幾句話就能激起情緒。
The memory conjured up old feelings.
那回憶勾起了舊情感。
→ 變出、喚起（原意為「共同發誓」，後來衍生成魔法感）
8. injurious
Smoking is injurious to health.
吸菸對健康有害。
That statement was injurious to his reputation.
那句話有損他的名譽。
The chemicals are injurious to the environment.
這些化學物質對環境有害。
→ 有害的（造成傷害）
9. juridical
The juridical decision was clear and fair.
這項法律判決清楚又公正。
We need a juridical review of the case.
這案件需要法律審查。
He is a specialist in juridical sciences.
他是法律科學的專家。
→ 法律上的、司法的
10. adjudicate
The judge will adjudicate the case tomorrow.
法官將於明天裁決此案。
She was asked to adjudicate the dispute.
她被要求裁定這場爭議。
They adjudicated in favor of the plaintiff.
他們裁決支持原告。
→ 裁定、判決
11. justification
He offered no justification for his actions.
他沒為自己的行為做出解釋。
There is no justification for violence.
暴力行為沒有任何正當理由。
She gave a weak justification for being late.
她遲到的理由站不住腳。
→ 正當理由
12. just
He made a just decision.
他做出了一個公正的決定。
Everyone deserves a just trial.
每個人都應該有公平審判的機會。
It’s a just punishment for the crime.
這是對那項罪行的正義懲罰。
→ 公正的、正義的
13. justify
Can you justify your behavior?
你能為你的行為辯解嗎？
He tried to justify his rude remarks.
他試圖為自己的粗魯發言辯護。
They justified the decision based on evidence.
他們根據證據來正當化這項決定。
→ 辯解、證明…正當
14. judicial
She is involved in the judicial process.
她參與司法程序。
The judicial branch interprets laws.
司法部門負責解釋法律。
He faced a long judicial inquiry.
他面臨長時間的司法調查。
→ 司法的、法院的
15. prejudice
His prejudice affected his decision.
他的偏見影響了他的判斷。
We should fight against racial prejudice.
我們應該反對種族偏見。
She showed no prejudice in her opinion.
她的意見沒有偏見。
→ 偏見、成見
16. injure
He injured his leg during the game.
他在比賽中傷到腿。
She was injured in the accident.
她在意外中受傷。
Words can injure more than actions.
言語有時比行為更傷人。
→ 傷害、使受傷
17. justice
Justice must be served.
正義必須伸張。
They demanded justice for the victims.
他們為受害者討回公道。
The scales of justice are delicate.
正義的天秤很脆弱。
→ 正義、公平
18. injustice
They protested against social injustice.
他們抗議社會不公。
The trial was an injustice.
這場審判不公。
She couldn’t accept the injustice.
她無法接受這種不公平。
→ 不公、不義
19. unjust
The law was unjust to the poor.
那條法律對窮人不公平。
It was an unjust punishment.
那是個不公平的懲罰。
She felt the decision was unjust.
她覺得那個決定不公。
→ 不公平的
20. juristic
He gave a juristic interpretation of the law.
他對法律給出法律上的解釋。
That is a juristic concept.
那是一個法學上的概念。
We discussed juristic perspectives.
我們討論了法律觀點。
→ 法律的、法學的
21. perjurer
The perjurer was caught lying again.
那個偽證者又被抓到說謊。
No one trusts a known perjurer.
沒人會相信一個有案底的偽證者。
He became a perjurer to protect his family.
他為了保護家人而做偽證。
→ 偽證者
22. abjuration
Her abjuration of the throne shocked everyone.
她放棄王位的決定讓大家震驚。
He made a formal abjuration of his religion.
他正式放棄自己的宗教信仰。
The abjuration was recorded in court.
那份放棄聲明被法庭記錄下來。
→ 放棄、否認
23. adjudication
The adjudication will take weeks.
這項裁決要花幾週時間。
He awaited the adjudication of his case.
他在等自己的案件裁定。
Adjudication is part of the judicial system.
裁決是司法系統的一環。
→ 裁決、審判
24. conjuration
The villagers believed in ancient conjurations.
村民相信古老的咒語。
He whispered a conjuration under his breath.
他低聲念著咒語。
The conjuration was part of the ritual.
這咒語是儀式的一部分。
→ 咒語、祈求
25. jurisprudential
We discussed the topic from a jurisprudential view.
我們從法理的角度討論這議題。
He wrote a jurisprudential analysis of the law.
他寫了一篇法律哲學的分析。
The course covers jurisprudential theories.
這門課涵蓋法律理論。
→ 法理的、法學觀點的
26. rejustify
They tried to rejustify their controversial policy.
他們試圖再次為爭議政策辯護。
We need to rejustify our approach.
我們需要重新說明自己的方法。
She had to rejustify her actions to the board.
她得再次向董事會說明自己的行為。
→ 再次辯解或正當化
27. misjudge
He misjudged the situation badly.
他大大誤判了情勢。
I misjudged her character.
我誤會了她的個性。
Don’t misjudge someone by appearances.
別只看外表就下判斷。
→ 判斷錯誤
28. prejury-related
This is a perjury-related offense.
這是一項與偽證有關的罪。
He was convicted of a perjury-related charge.
他因偽證相關罪名被定罪。
The lawyer explained the perjury-related laws.
律師解釋了偽證相關法律。
→ 與偽證相關的
29. justifiable
Her actions were justifiable under the law.
她的行為在法律上是正當的。
It was a justifiable response to the threat.
這是對威脅的正當反應。
There’s no justifiable excuse for lying.
說謊沒有正當理由。
→ 合理的、正當的
30. overjudge
He tends to overjudge people harshly.
他常對人評價過嚴。
Don’t overjudge yourself.
別太苛責自己。
She overjudged the risks involved.
她對相關風險估計過頭。
→ 評價過高或過嚴
如果你喜歡語源拆解的感覺，或是在準備英文考試（如 GRE、TOEFL、SAT），這些單字能幫你累積更多詞彙的深度與理解力。記得常常回頭看例句，也試著自己造句，學語根最好的方式，就是用它。