
英文字根 liber
英文裡有不少單字都來自拉丁字根,而「liber」這個字根就有點特別,它原本的意思是「自由」或「釋放」,後來也引申出與「自由人」、「解放」、「慷慨」有關的詞彙。這樣的字根,其實藏著一種很生活化的精神:不被綁住、不被限制、可以做自己,甚至還能幫助別人自由。這篇文章就想帶你用一種比較輕鬆的方式,看看哪些單字是來自 liber 字根的,順便補充一些例句和用法,讓你在背單字的時候不再只是死背,而是覺得有畫面、有感覺。
liberal
這個字的意思是「開明的、自由主義的」,有時候也可以指「慷慨的」。
- She has a very liberal attitude toward education reform.
她對教育改革的態度非常開明。 - The teacher was liberal with praise, encouraging all students.
這位老師非常慷慨地給予稱讚,鼓勵每個學生。 - He comes from a liberal political background.
他來自自由主義的政治背景。
liberate
意思是「解放、釋放」,讓人從束縛中自由出來。
- The soldiers liberated the town from enemy control.
士兵們把這座城鎮從敵人手中解放出來。 - She felt liberated after quitting her toxic job.
她辭掉那份有毒的工作後感覺自由多了。 - The new law is meant to liberate people from discrimination.
這項新法律是為了解放人們免於歧視。
liberty
是「自由」的名詞,最基本也最經典的用法。
- Freedom of speech is a fundamental liberty.
言論自由是一種基本自由。 - He took the liberty of helping himself to some coffee.
他擅自倒了杯咖啡喝。 - They are fighting for their liberty.
他們正在為自由而戰。
deliver
來自 de(去掉)+ liber(釋放),意思是「交付、傳送」,原意像是把東西釋放出來交給別人。
- The courier will deliver the package tomorrow.
快遞明天會送達包裹。 - She delivered a powerful speech.
她發表了一場有力的演說。 - The doctor delivered the baby safely.
醫生順利接生了嬰兒。
delivery
這是 deliver 的名詞形式,有「送貨」、「表達」的意思。
- Pizza delivery is available until midnight.
披薩可以送到半夜。 - His speech delivery was confident and clear.
他的演講表達很有自信也很清楚。 - We are expecting a delivery this afternoon.
我們預計今天下午會有一批貨送來。
deliberate
這字看起來像跟「自由」無關,其實是「反覆思考後釋放出來的決定」,也就是「慎重的、有計畫的」。
- That was a deliberate choice, not an accident.
那是深思熟慮的選擇,不是意外。 - She spoke in a slow and deliberate manner.
她講話緩慢而慎重。 - They deliberated for hours before making a decision.
他們花了好幾個小時仔細討論才做決定。
illiberal
字首 il- 表否定,加上 liberal,就變成「不開明的、吝嗇的」。
- His views on immigration are considered illiberal.
他的移民觀點被認為不開明。 - The policy is criticized as illiberal and outdated.
這項政策被批評為不開明且過時。 - An illiberal government restricts freedom of expression.
不開明的政府會限制言論自由。
liberation
liberate 的名詞形式,表示「解放、釋放」。
- The country celebrated its liberation from colonial rule.
這個國家慶祝從殖民統治中解放出來。 - Feminism is often associated with the liberation of women.
女性主義常和女性的解放連結在一起。 - The prisoners longed for liberation.
囚犯們渴望自由的那一天。
liberator
是「解放者」,常用在歷史或戰爭語境。
- He is remembered as a national liberator.
他被記住為國家的解放者。 - The liberators were welcomed with cheers.
解放者受到民眾的歡呼歡迎。 - She saw herself as a liberator of minds.
她認為自己是解放思想的人。
libretto
這個字是「歌劇的歌詞本」,liber 的延伸意思之一是「書」。
- He wrote the libretto for the opera.
他為這齣歌劇寫了歌詞本。 - The libretto helped me understand the plot.
那本歌詞本幫助我了解劇情。 - She read the libretto before watching the performance.
她在看表演前先讀了歌詞本。
library
這是最常見的字,意指「圖書館」。來自 liber(書)+ arium(場所)。
- She studies at the library every day.
她每天都在圖書館念書。 - The library has a huge collection of books.
圖書館有大量藏書。 - I borrowed a novel from the library.
我從圖書館借了一本小說。
librarian
就是「圖書館員」,負責管理圖書的人。
- The librarian helped me find the book I needed.
圖書館員幫我找到我需要的書。 - She wants to become a librarian someday.
她希望有一天能當圖書館員。 - The librarian organized the shelves neatly.
圖書館員把書架整理得很整齊。
libel
這個字的意思是「誹謗」,原本意思是「公開的小冊子」,後來變成對他人名譽的公開傷害。
- He sued the newspaper for libel.
他控告那家報社誹謗。 - Publishing false information is considered libel.
發佈假消息會被視為誹謗。 - The actor won a libel case against the magazine.
那位演員在誹謗案中勝訴。
libertine
這是比較少見的字,意思是「放縱的人」,尤其在性方面。
- He lived as a libertine, ignoring social norms.
他過著放縱的生活,不在乎社會規範。 - The novel depicts a wealthy libertine’s downfall.
小說描述一位有錢放縱者的墮落。 - She rejected his libertine advances.
她拒絕了他那些放縱的追求。
illiberality
這個字和 illiberal 同源,意思是「心胸狹窄、不寬容」。
- His illiberality toward other opinions is frustrating.
他對其他意見的不寬容令人挫折。 - The debate exposed his illiberality.
辯論中顯露了他的狹隘。 - Illiberality in leadership creates division.
領導人的心胸狹窄會造成分裂。