「pater」這個字根源自拉丁文,意思是「父親」。從這個字根衍生出來的詞彙,很多都與「父系制度」、「權威」、「保護者」或是「家族」有關,也常出現在形容制度、血緣、宗教等語境裡。以下我會整理出30個含有「pater」字根的單字,每個詞都附上三個例句與中文解釋,讓你能夠在不同情境中學會運用。
paternal
形容詞,父親的、父系的
The doctor asked about any paternal history of heart disease.
(醫生詢問是否有父系心臟病病史。)
He has a strong paternal instinct.
(他有很強的父愛天性。)
My paternal grandfather served in the navy.
(我父親那邊的祖父曾在海軍服役。)
paternity
名詞,父權、父親的身分
The company offers paternity leave for new fathers.
(公司提供新手爸爸陪產假。)
He denied paternity until the DNA test proved otherwise.
(他否認是父親,直到 DNA 測試證明相反。)
Paternity tests are now very accurate.
(親子鑑定現在非常準確。)
patriarch
名詞,家長、族長、男性領導人
The old patriarch still made all the important decisions.
(那位老族長仍掌握所有重要決策。)
He was considered the patriarch of the family.
(他被認為是這個家族的家長。)
The tribe was led by a wise patriarch.
(這個部落由一位睿智的族長領導。)
patriarchy
名詞,父權社會、父系制度
Many societies have been governed under patriarchy for centuries.
(許多社會幾世紀以來都在父權體制下運作。)
The novel critiques the effects of patriarchy on women.
(這部小說批判父權對女性的影響。)
She studied the decline of patriarchy in modern times.
(她研究父權在現代的衰退。)
patrician
名詞,貴族、貴族階級的人
He came from a wealthy patrician family.
(他出身富有的貴族家庭。)
The patricians had more political power than the commoners.
(貴族比平民有更多政治權力。)
Her manners were refined and patrician.
(她的舉止高雅有貴族風範。)
patrilineal
形容詞,父系的、父系傳承的
Inheritance in the tribe is patrilineal.
(這個部落的財產是由父系繼承的。)
The society kept detailed patrilineal records.
(這個社會保留詳細的父系紀錄。)
Many surnames follow a patrilineal tradition.
(許多姓氏遵循父系傳統。)
patron
名詞,贊助者、資助人、顧客
He became a patron of the arts.
(他成為藝術的贊助人。)
The restaurant welcomed its regular patrons with special offers.
(餐廳以優惠招待常客。)
She is a generous patron of local charities.
(她是當地慈善機構的大方贊助者。)
patronage
名詞,贊助、庇護、惠顧
The artist thrived under royal patronage.
(藝術家在皇室贊助下事業興旺。)
Thanks for your continued patronage.
(感謝您持續的支持與惠顧。)
Political patronage can lead to corruption.
(政治庇護可能導致貪污。)
patronize
動詞,贊助、光顧、用高人一等的態度對待
I don’t like the way he patronizes me.
(我不喜歡他那種居高臨下的態度。)
They patronize that cafe every weekend.
(他們每個週末都光顧那家咖啡廳。)
She often patronizes local businesses.
(她常支持本地商家。)
patriot
名詞,愛國者
He died a true patriot, defending his country.
(他為國捐軀,是個真正的愛國者。)
Patriots are honored in national holidays.
(愛國者在國定假日受到尊敬。)
The speech was full of patriot fervor.
(那場演講充滿愛國熱情。)
patriotic
形容詞,愛國的
She wore patriotic colors on Independence Day.
(她在國慶日穿上象徵愛國的顏色。)
He gave a deeply patriotic speech.
(他發表了一篇非常愛國的演講。)
Patriotic songs were played during the ceremony.
(儀式中播放了愛國歌曲。)
patriotism
名詞,愛國心、愛國主義
His patriotism was evident in all his actions.
(他的行為中處處展現出愛國情操。)
They celebrated their patriotism with a parade.
(他們舉辦遊行慶祝愛國情懷。)
Critics say blind patriotism can be dangerous.
(批評者認為盲目愛國可能很危險。)
compatriot
名詞,同胞、同國人
He was glad to meet a fellow compatriot abroad.
(他很高興在國外遇到同胞。)
Compatriots gathered to celebrate the national day.
(同胞聚集慶祝國慶。)
The team consisted of compatriots from the same country.
(這支隊伍由來自同一國家的同胞組成。)
expatriate
名詞/動詞,僑民、放棄國籍者;移居國外
Many expatriates live in Taiwan.
(很多外籍人士住在台灣。)
She expatriated herself for a job opportunity.
(她為了工作機會移居海外。)
The expatriate community held a cultural festival.
(僑民社群舉辦了一場文化節。)
repatriate
動詞,使返國、遣返回國
The government repatriated the refugees.
(政府將難民遣返回國。)
His remains were repatriated after the war.
(戰後他的遺體被送回祖國。)
They agreed to repatriate the cultural artifacts.
(他們同意將文物遣返回國。)
patrimony
名詞,祖產、繼承物
The castle was part of his patrimony.
(那座城堡是他的祖產之一。)
He lost his patrimony due to poor investments.
(他因投資失利而失去祖產。)
This land has been a patrimony for generations.
(這塊土地世代相傳,是祖先遺產。)
patristic
形容詞,教父時期的、早期基督教神學的
He specialized in patristic theology.
(他專攻早期教父神學。)
Patristic writings provide insight into early Christianity.
(教父文獻提供了對早期基督教的洞察。)
The seminar focused on patristic traditions.
(研討會聚焦於教父傳統。)
paterfamilias
名詞,家長、家庭男主人
The paterfamilias held absolute authority in ancient Rome.
(在古羅馬,家長擁有絕對權威。)
He acted as the paterfamilias during family events.
(他在家庭聚會中擔任家長角色。)
The paterfamilias was responsible for all family members.
(家長對所有家庭成員負責。)
paternalism
名詞,家長式作風、家長主義
The manager’s paternalism annoyed his employees.
(經理的家長式態度惹惱了員工。)
Paternalism can limit personal freedom.
(家長主義可能限制個人自由。)
The policy was criticized as a form of government paternalism.
(該政策被批評為政府的家長主義作風。)
paternoster
名詞,主禱文、一種升降電梯
He recited the paternoster in church.
(他在教堂誦念主禱文。)
The paternoster lifted workers to different floors.
(一種升降梯將工人載往不同樓層。)
The church bell rang before the paternoster.
(教堂鐘聲響起,接著是主禱文。)
paternalistic
形容詞,家長式的、有庇護意味的
His paternalistic tone irritated his colleagues.
(他那種家長式的語氣讓同事很不爽。)
The law was seen as paternalistic and outdated.
(那項法律被視為家長式且過時。)
She rejected his paternalistic concern.
(她拒絕了他那種帶庇護意味的關心。)
paternity suit
名詞,親子訴訟
She filed a paternity suit against him.
(她對他提起親子訴訟。)
The court ruled in favor of the paternity suit.
(法院支持這起親子訴訟。)
Paternity suits are common in custody cases.
(在監護權案件中,親子訴訟很常見。)
patresfamilias
名詞,家族中的多位父親或家長(複數形式)
The patresfamilias gathered for a tribal meeting.
(各家族家長聚集參加部落會議。)
In ancient times, the patresfamilias made all decisions.
(古時候,家長們決定一切。)
The council included several respected patresfamilias.
(議會中有幾位受尊敬的家長。)
paternal uncle
名詞,伯父或叔叔(父系親屬)
His paternal uncle taught him fishing.
(他的叔叔教他釣魚。)
We visited my paternal uncle during the holidays.
(假期時我們拜訪了伯父。)
He resembles his paternal uncle a lot.
(他跟他叔叔長得很像。)
paternal bond
名詞,父子關係的連結
There’s a strong paternal bond between them.
(他們之間有很深的父子連結。)
The movie explores the paternal bond after divorce.
(這部電影探討離婚後的父子關係。)
He worked hard to rebuild the paternal bond.
(他努力修復與兒子的關係。)
paternal ancestor
名詞,父系祖先
He traced his paternal ancestors back to Scotland.
(他追溯父系祖先至蘇格蘭。)
The family history highlights several paternal ancestors.
(家族史記錄了好幾位父系祖先。)
His paternal ancestor was a famous general.
(他的祖先是位著名將軍。)
paternal guidance
名詞,父親的指導
He often looked up to his father’s paternal guidance.
(他常敬重父親的指導。)
The team lacked paternal guidance after their coach retired.
(教練退休後,隊伍缺乏指導。)
She valued the paternal guidance she received.
(她很珍惜父親的教誨。)
paternal discipline
名詞,父親式的管教
His paternal discipline was firm but fair.
(他的父親管教嚴格但公平。)
Paternal discipline shaped his work ethic.
(父親的管教培養出他的工作態度。)
She admired the paternal discipline in traditional homes.
(她欣賞傳統家庭中父親的管教方式。)
paternal figure
名詞,父親般的人物
The teacher was like a paternal figure to many students.
(這位老師對許多學生來說像父親。)
He acted as a paternal figure in the community.
(他在社區中像一位父親角色。)
She longed for a paternal figure after losing her dad.
(她失去父親後渴望有個父親般的人物。)
paternal estate
名詞,父親留下的財產
He inherited the paternal estate after his father’s death.
(他繼承父親的遺產。)
The paternal estate included farmland and buildings.
(遺產包含農地和建築物。)
She fought for her share of the paternal estate.
(她爭取應得的父親遺產份額。)