
英文字根plen
英文中有許多單字看似毫無關聯,其實都源自相同的字根,只要掌握字根的意義,就像掌握了一把鑰匙,可以開啟更多單字的理解之門。今天要分享的字根是 **plen-**,意思是「滿的、完整的、充實的」。這個字根來自拉丁文 plenus,意思是「full」,跟「plenty(很多)」同源。下面我們就透過30個單字來深入了解「plen」這個字根如何貫穿各種單字的意義,每個單字都會搭配三個例句、中文翻譯與詞彙說明,幫助你把單字牢牢記在腦海裡。
- plenty(許多)
- There’s plenty of food for everyone.(大家的食物都夠。)
- We still have plenty of time.(我們還有很多時間。)
- She has plenty of experience in marketing.(她在行銷方面經驗豐富。)
plenty 來自 plen,意思是充足、許多,常用來形容數量很多。
- plentiful(豐富的)
- Apples are plentiful this year.(今年蘋果大豐收。)
- Clean water is not always plentiful.(乾淨的水並不總是充裕的。)
- He found a job where opportunities are plentiful.(他找到一份機會很多的工作。)
plentiful 描述「資源」或「物品」很充足,等於 abundant。
- plenitude(充足;豐富)
- The garden was filled with a plenitude of flowers.(花園裡百花盛開。)
- He lived in plenitude after retiring.(他退休後過著充實的生活。)
- The report contains a plenitude of data.(報告中有豐富的資料。)
plenitude 強調一種充滿、圓滿的狀態,是比較正式的用語。
- plenary(完全的、全體的)
- The issue will be discussed at the plenary session.(這議題將在全體會議上討論。)
- He has plenary authority over the project.(他對這個專案擁有完全的權限。)
- The plenary meeting starts at 10 a.m.(全體會議上午十點開始。)
plenary 指「無保留的」、「完全的」,也常見於「全體會議」這類正式用法。
- replenish(重新補滿)
- She replenished the glass with water.(她把杯子再倒滿水。)
- We need to replenish our supplies.(我們需要補充物資。)
- After a long hike, we stopped to replenish our energy.(長途健行後,我們停下來補充體力。)
re- 表示「再次」,replenish 就是「再次讓某物變滿」。
- replenishment(補充、再填滿)
- The replenishment of fresh air is important in a closed room.(密閉空間需要新鮮空氣的補充。)
- Food replenishment occurs every morning.(每天早上都會補貨。)
- They ordered the replenishment of medical supplies.(他們訂購了醫療物資的補充。)
replenishment 是 replenish 的名詞形式,用在物資、資源的補充上很常見。
- implement(實施、執行)
- The government will implement the new policy next month.(政府下月將實施新政策。)
- The system was never fully implemented.(這套系統從未真正落實。)
- They implemented the plan with precision.(他們精確地執行了計畫。)
implement 原意與「讓事情變得完整」有關,現多用於「執行、實施」。
- implementation(實行、落實)
- The implementation of the new system is scheduled for next week.(新系統下週實行。)
- Implementation requires cooperation from all departments.(實行需要各部門合作。)
- The policy faced several implementation challenges.(該政策在實施時遇到不少挑戰。)
implementation 是 implement 的名詞形式。
- complement(補足物、互補)
- Her skills complement mine perfectly.(她的技能與我剛好互補。)
- This wine is a perfect complement to the meal.(這瓶酒完美搭配這道菜。)
- A good team has members who complement each other.(好團隊的成員之間能互相補足。)
com- 表「共同」,complement 是「使完整的事物或人」。
- complementary(互補的)
- Their personalities are complementary.(他們的個性很互補。)
- These two colors are complementary.(這兩種顏色是互補色。)
- The software provides complementary features.(這套軟體提供互補的功能。)
complementary 形容兩個東西搭配起來更完整。
- supplement(補充物、補給)
- She takes vitamin supplements daily.(她每天補充維他命。)
- They offered evening classes as a supplement to the course.(他們開設夜間班作為課程補充。)
- The book has a supplement with additional exercises.(書附有額外練習的補充教材。)
sup- 也是「下」或「加」的意思,補上不足的部分。
- supplementary(補充的)
- Supplementary materials are available online.(補充教材可在線上取得。)
- He received supplementary income from freelance work.(他靠接案獲得額外收入。)
- The teacher gave us a supplementary handout.(老師給了我們補充講義。)
supplementary 是形容詞,用來描述補上不足的東西。
- deplete(耗盡)
- The long war depleted the country’s resources.(長期戰爭耗盡國力。)
- Running the heater all day depletes the battery.(整天開暖氣會耗盡電池電力。)
- His energy was depleted after the race.(比賽後他精疲力竭。)
de- 表「去除」,deplete 就是「把滿的東西消耗光」。
- depletion(消耗、枯竭)
- The depletion of oil reserves is a global concern.(石油儲量枯竭是全球問題。)
- Ozone depletion affects the environment.(臭氧層的耗損影響環境。)
- He suffered from nutrient depletion due to poor diet.(他因為飲食不良營養流失。)
depletion 是名詞,用來描述資源被用光的狀況。
- complete(完整的、完成)
- I’ve completed my homework.(我完成作業了。)
- The team completed the project on time.(團隊準時完成計畫。)
- The collection is now complete.(收藏現在已經齊全。)
com- 表示「使……變滿」,complete 就是「使之完整」。
- completion(完成)
- The completion of the building is expected next year.(大樓預計明年完工。)
- We are nearing project completion.(我們即將完成這個專案。)
- She celebrated the completion of her degree.(她慶祝學位完成。)
completion 是 complete 的名詞形式。
- accomplish(達成)
- He accomplished all his goals.(他達成了所有目標。)
- It’s amazing what she has accomplished.(她完成的事情讓人驚嘆。)
- They accomplished the mission in record time.(他們破紀錄地完成任務。)
ac- 是變化型的 ad-(向),意思是「讓它完整」,也就是完成。
- accomplishment(成就)
- Writing a novel is a major accomplishment.(寫小說是一項重大成就。)
- Her accomplishments are impressive.(她的成就令人印象深刻。)
- The award recognizes his lifetime accomplishments.(這獎是表揚他一生的成就。)
accomplishment 是 accomplish 的名詞。
- ample(充足的)
- There’s ample room for everyone.(空間很足夠。)
- We had ample time to prepare.(我們有充裕時間準備。)
- He gave an ample explanation.(他給了一個詳盡的解釋。)
ample 也與「滿、充足」相關,語氣柔和一點。
- amplify(放大、擴大)
- The speaker amplified the sound.(喇叭放大聲音。)
- She amplified her concerns during the meeting.(她在會議中詳細說明她的疑慮。)
- This article amplifies the earlier report.(這篇文章補充說明了早先的報導。)
amplify 來自 ample,加強程度變強。
- amplification(擴大、放大)
- The amplification of noise was unexpected.(噪音擴大令人意外。)
- We need amplification of these details.(我們需要對這些細節的補充說明。)
- The device allows signal amplification.(這裝置可進行訊號放大。)
amplification 是 amplify 的名詞。
- fill(填滿)
- Please fill the bottle with water.(請把瓶子裝滿水。)
- The stadium was filled with cheering fans.(球場被歡呼的球迷塞滿了。)
- He filled out the form.(他填寫了表格。)
fill 雖不是直接來自 plen,但意義緊密相關,也能幫助理解「滿」的概念。
- full(滿的)
- The glass is full.(杯子滿了。)
- My schedule is full today.(我今天排滿行程。)
- She gave me her full attention.(她全神貫注地聽我說。)
full 為 plen 的對應現代英語詞,也是字根來源之一。
- inflate(充氣、膨脹)
- They inflated the balloons.(他們把氣球吹起來了。)
- The numbers were inflated.(數字被誇大了。)
- His ego was inflated by the praise.(他因讚美而自滿。)
in-(進入)+flate(吹氣)=吹滿,也是讓東西變「滿」的概念。
- inflation(通貨膨脹、膨脹)
- Inflation is affecting prices.(通膨影響物價。)
- The inflation of grades is a concern.(成績膨脹是個問題。)
- The balloon burst from over-inflation.(氣球因過度充氣而爆炸。)
inflation 是 inflate 的名詞,用在經濟和物理皆常見。
- satisfy(使滿意)
- The meal satisfied my hunger.(這餐讓我吃得很滿足。)
- The answer didn’t satisfy the teacher.(這答案沒讓老師滿意。)
- His curiosity was satisfied.(他的好奇心得到滿足。)
satisfy 是「讓人感到充滿(滿意)」。
- satisfaction(滿意)
- I got great satisfaction from finishing the book.(完成這本書讓我很有成就感。)
- Customer satisfaction is our priority.(顧客滿意是我們的首要目標。)
- She smiled in satisfaction.(她滿足地微笑。)
satisfaction 是 satisfy 的名詞。
- profuse(大量的、豐富的)
- He offered profuse thanks.(他大力致謝。)
- She was sweating profusely.(她汗流浹背。)
- There was a profuse display of flowers.(花朵盛開,非常華麗。)
pro- 表「向前」,fuse 表「流出」,整體概念仍是「大量」。
- profusion(豐富、充沛)
- The garden was a profusion of color.(花園色彩繽紛。)
- He spoke in a profusion of words.(他說話滔滔不絕。)
- The market has a profusion of options.(市場上選擇繁多。)
profusion 是 profuse 的名詞。
- populate(使充滿人口)
- Immigrants populated the city.(移民讓城市充滿人口。)
- The island is sparsely populated.(這座島人煙稀少。)
- Many species populate this forest.(許多生物棲息於此森林中。)
populate 是來自「讓地方變得充滿人群」,延伸出居住、填滿人口的意思。