
英文字根retro
在英文裡,字根「retro-」來自拉丁文,意思是「向後、回溯、過去的」,這個字根常出現在跟時間倒退、舊風格或回顧過去相關的字裡。只要看到這個字根,大多都能猜到意思跟「過去、回顧、復古」脫不了關係。這篇文章就整理了30個帶有 retro- 字根的單字,每個單字都會附上三個實用例句和中文翻譯,讓你在學習單字的同時,也能練習如何在不同語境中靈活運用。以下是完整的整理:
1. retroactive(溯及既往的)
The new tax law is retroactive to January.
新稅法從一月起溯及既往。
He received a retroactive pay raise for the past six months.
他獲得了過去六個月的補發薪資。
The law has a retroactive clause that affects old contracts.
這項法律有一條溯及既往的條款,會影響舊的合約。
2. retrospect(回顧、回想)
In retrospect, I should have studied harder in college.
回想起來,我大學時應該更用功。
The movie offers a retrospect of the singer’s career.
這部電影回顧了那位歌手的職涯。
She spoke in retrospect about her childhood.
她回憶起自己的童年往事。
3. retrograde(倒退的、退化的)
The policy is seen as a retrograde step.
這項政策被視為是一種倒退。
The disease causes a retrograde degeneration of the brain.
這種疾病會導致大腦退化。
He has retrograde views on women’s rights.
他對女性權益的觀點相當落後。
4. retrogression(倒退、退步)
The country experienced a retrogression in human rights.
該國在人權方面出現了倒退。
The team’s performance showed signs of retrogression.
球隊的表現有退步的跡象。
The reforms aimed to prevent retrogression in education.
改革是為了避免教育上的倒退。
5. retrofit(翻新、改裝)
The old building was retrofitted with solar panels.
這棟老建築加裝了太陽能板。
We plan to retrofit our air conditioning system.
我們打算翻新冷氣系統。
They retrofitted the cars with safety features.
他們為車子加裝了安全設備。
6. retrovirus(反轉錄病毒)
HIV is a well-known example of a retrovirus.
愛滋病毒是知名的反轉錄病毒。
Scientists are studying how retroviruses replicate.
科學家正在研究反轉錄病毒的複製方式。
Retroviruses can insert their genetic material into host cells.
反轉錄病毒能將其基因物質嵌入宿主細胞。
7. retrorocket(減速火箭)
The spacecraft fired its retrorockets before landing.
太空船在著陸前啟動了減速火箭。
Retrorockets are used to slow down during re-entry.
減速火箭在重返大氣層時用來減速。
The capsule deployed its retrorockets perfectly.
太空艙完美地啟動了減速火箭。
8. retroflex(反捲、反折的)
Retroflex consonants are common in some Indian languages.
某些印度語言中常見反捲音。
The dancer moved with a retroflex motion.
那位舞者做出了一個反折的動作。
Retroflex pronunciation is hard for some learners.
某些學習者覺得反捲發音很困難。
9. retrocede(退讓、歸還)
The land was retroceded to its original owners.
這塊土地被歸還給原本的所有人。
They agreed to retrocede part of the territory.
他們同意歸還部分領土。
The company retroceded its rights to the original firm.
公司將權利歸還給原本的公司。
10. retrochoir(教堂後唱詩席)
Tourists visited the retrochoir to admire its carvings.
遊客參觀後唱詩席欣賞雕刻。
The retrochoir holds historical significance.
後唱詩席具有歷史意義。
Renovations preserved the retrochoir’s original design.
整修保留了後唱詩席的原始設計。
11. retroact(起回溯效力)
The compensation will retroact to last year.
這筆補償將從去年起生效。
The court ruling retroacts to all previous cases.
法院裁決溯及所有先前的案件。
His promotion retroacts to his date of eligibility.
他的升遷從符合資格的日期起生效。
12. retrojection(回射、逆向投射)
Retrojection of personal feelings into historical analysis is risky.
把個人情感投射到歷史分析中很冒險。
The theory was based on retrojection from modern events.
這個理論是從現代事件反向推導出來的。
Retrojection can distort objective understanding.
逆向投射會扭曲客觀認知。
13. retroreflection(反射回原來方向)
Retroreflection helps increase night-time visibility.
反射回原方向能提升夜間能見度。
The jacket uses retroreflection materials.
這件外套使用了反光材質。
Retroreflection is crucial in road signs.
道路標誌中反射性設計至關重要。
14. retrotransfer(逆向轉移)
The software allows retrotransfer of files.
這個軟體可以進行檔案逆向轉移。
Retrotransfer is essential in backup processes.
逆向轉移對備份作業很重要。
The retrotransfer was completed without data loss.
資料逆向轉移完成且無損失。
15. retroject(倒推、回投)
We often retroject our current values onto the past.
我們常將現代的價值觀倒推到過去。
Historians caution against retrojecting modern ideas.
歷史學家提醒不要用現代觀念倒推歷史。
The novel retrojects today’s dilemmas into ancient settings.
這部小說把今日困境倒投到古代背景中。
16. retroreflectional(具有反光性的)
Retroreflectional materials are used in safety vests.
反光材質常用於安全背心中。
Retroreflectional design improves night-time driving safety.
反光設計提升夜間駕駛安全。
Shoes with retroreflectional stripes are popular.
有反光條紋的鞋子很受歡迎。
17. retrocurved(向後彎曲的)
The fossil has a retrocurved spine.
這具化石的脊椎向後彎曲。
He designed a retrocurved handle for comfort.
他設計了一個向後彎曲的把手,增加舒適度。
Retrocurved surfaces are rare in nature.
自然界中少見向後彎曲的表面。
18. retrocollis(頸項後仰)
The patient exhibited retrocollis during the seizure.
病人發作時出現了頸部後仰。
Retrocollis is a symptom of certain neurological disorders.
頸項後仰是某些神經系統疾病的症狀。
Doctors noted the retrocollis in the medical report.
醫生在病歷中記錄了這個頸部異常。
19. retrobulbar(眼球後部的)
Retrobulbar injections are used in eye surgeries.
眼球後部注射常用於眼科手術。
He experienced retrobulbar pain after the operation.
他在手術後感到眼後疼痛。
Retrobulbar neuritis can affect vision.
眼球後神經炎可能影響視力。
20. retroauricular(耳後的)
She had a retroauricular rash.
她耳後起了紅疹。
Retroauricular lymph nodes were swollen.
耳後淋巴腫脹。
Doctors examined the retroauricular area carefully.
醫生仔細檢查了耳後區域。
21. retroclival(斜坡後的,解剖用語)
Retroclival hemorrhage is rare.
斜坡後出血很罕見。
Imaging revealed a retroclival mass.
影像檢查顯示有斜坡後腫塊。
Retroclival lesions require expert diagnosis.
斜坡後病變需專業診斷。
22. retrocolic(結腸後的)
The appendix was in a retrocolic position.
闌尾位於結腸後方。
Retrocolic hernia is difficult to detect.
結腸後疝氣難以診斷。
Surgeons discovered retrocolic adhesions.
外科醫生發現了結腸後的沾黏。
23. retroinguinal(腹股溝後的)
Retroinguinal space is accessed during hernia repair.
疝氣手術會進入腹股溝後空間。
Doctors examined the retroinguinal region.
醫生檢查了腹股溝後部。
Retroinguinal pain may signal deep inflammation.
腹股溝後痛可能代表深層發炎。
24. retroesophageal(食道後的)
Retroesophageal routes are used in rare surgeries.
少數手術中會經由食道後部。
He had a retroesophageal mass compressing his trachea.
他有一個壓迫氣管的食道後腫塊。
Retroesophageal anomalies are hard to detect.
食道後的異常不易察覺。
25. retroplacental(胎盤後的)
Retroplacental hemorrhage can endanger the fetus.
胎盤後出血可能危及胎兒。
Ultrasound showed retroplacental bleeding.
超音波顯示有胎盤後出血。
Retroplacental clots need immediate attention.
胎盤後血塊需要即刻處理。
26. retroperitoneal(腹膜後的)
Retroperitoneal tumors are often asymptomatic.
腹膜後腫瘤通常沒有症狀。
Surgery revealed retroperitoneal fluid.
手術中發現了腹膜後積液。
Retroperitoneal infections can spread quickly.
腹膜後感染可能迅速擴散。
27. retrognathia(下顎後縮)
Retrognathia may cause breathing problems.
下顎後縮可能引發呼吸困難。
The patient had severe retrognathia.
這位病人有嚴重的下顎後縮。
Orthodontic treatment can correct retrognathia.
牙齒矯正可改善下顎後縮問題。
28. retroocular(眼後的)
He complained of retroocular pain.
他抱怨眼後疼痛。
Retroocular pressure may indicate infection.
眼後壓力可能表示有感染。
Retroocular exams are part of full eye checks.
眼後檢查是完整眼科檢查的一部分。
29. retrognostic(倒推的預測)
Retrognostic models use past data to test accuracy.
倒推預測模型利用過去數據來檢驗準確性。
Retrognostic analysis helps refine future forecasting.
倒推分析有助於改善未來預測。
The research team built a retrognostic system.
研究團隊建立了一套倒推系統。
30. retrofuturism(復古未來主義)
Retrofuturism blends old styles with futuristic themes.
復古未來主義融合舊風格與未來主題。
The design has a retrofuturism feel.
這個設計帶有復古未來的氛圍。
Retrofuturism is popular in art and fashion.
復古未來主義在藝術與時尚界都很受歡迎。